Chiyambi
Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Ukadaulo wa Chidziwitso ku China (MIIT) posachedwapa watulutsa muyezo wa GB38031-2025, wotchedwa "lamulo lokhwima kwambiri la chitetezo cha mabatire," lomwe limafuna kuti magalimoto onse atsopano amagetsi (NEVs) ayenera kufika "popanda moto, osaphulika" pansi pa mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri pofika pa Julayi 1, 2026126. Lamulo lofunika kwambiri ili likuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu mumakampani, ndikuyika patsogolo chitetezo ngati chofunikira chomwe sichingakambirane. Pano, tikuwunika zosowa zaukadaulo zomwe zikusintha zamabatire ndi kupita patsogolo kofanana mu Battery Management Systems (BMS) kuti tikwaniritse zovuta izi.
1. Miyezo Yapamwamba Yachitetezo cha Mabatire a NEV
Muyezo wa GB38031-2025 umabweretsa miyezo yokhwima yomwe imafotokozanso chitetezo cha batri:
- Kupewa Kuthamanga kwa Matenthedwe: Mabatire ayenera kupirira zochitika zoopsa, kuphatikizapo kulowa kwa misomali, kudzaza kwambiri, komanso kutentha kwambiri, popanda kugwira moto kapena kuphulika kwa mphindi zosachepera 60. Izi zimachotsa lingaliro lakale la "nthawi yothawira", lomwe limafuna chitetezo chamkati pa moyo wonse wa batri.
- Kukhazikika kwa Kapangidwe: Mayeso atsopano, monga kukana kugundana ndi pansi (kutsanzira kugundana kwa zinyalala za pamsewu) ndi kuwunika chitetezo cha njinga yamagetsi pambuyo pa kutha kwa mphamvu mwachangu, amatsimikizira kulimba m'mikhalidwe yeniyeni26.
- Kukweza Mphamvu ndi Kuchuluka kwa Zinthu: Muyezowu umalimbikitsa mphamvu yocheperako ya 125 Wh/kg ya mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP), zomwe zimapangitsa opanga kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono monga zigawo za nano-insulation ndi zokutira za ceramic16.
Zofunikira izi zithandizira kuthetseratu opanga otsika mtengo komanso kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wa atsogoleri amakampani monga CATL ndi BYD, omwe ukadaulo wawo (monga CATL's CTP 3.0 ndi BYD's Blade Battery) ukugwirizana kale ndi malamulo atsopano26.
2. Kusintha kwa BMS: Kuchokera pa Kuwunika mpaka Chitetezo Chogwira Ntchito
Monga "ubongo" wa machitidwe a batri, BMS iyenera kusintha kuti ikwaniritse zomwe GB38031-2025 ikufuna. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zikuchitika ndi izi:
a. Satifiketi Yapamwamba Yogwira Ntchito Yachitetezo
BMS iyenera kukwaniritsa mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa chitetezo cha magalimoto (ASIL-D motsatira ISO 26262) kuti iwonetsetse kuti ntchito zake sizikulephera. Mwachitsanzo, BMS ya m'badwo wachinayi wa BAIC New Energy, yomwe inavomerezedwa ndi ASIL-D mu 2024, imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kulephera kwa zida ndi 90% kudzera mu kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni komanso kupanga kubwezeredwa kwa zinthu3. Machitidwe otere ndi ofunikira kwambiri pozindikira zolakwika msanga ndikuletsa kutayika kwa kutentha.
b. Kuphatikiza kwa Advanced Sensing Technologies
Njira zochenjeza msanga ndizofunikira kwambiri. Masensa a haidrojeni, monga omwe adapangidwa ndi Xinmeixin, amazindikira mpweya woipa (monga H₂) panthawi yoyambirira ya kutentha, zomwe zimapereka chenjezo pasadakhale kwa mphindi 400. Masensa awa ochokera ku MEMS, omwe ali ndi ziphaso pansi pa AEC-Q100, amapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba, zomwe zimathandiza kuti njira zotetezera zikhale zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo5.
c. BMS Yoyendetsedwa ndi Mitambo ndi Kukonza Koyendetsedwa ndi AI
Kuphatikizana kwa mtambo kumalola kusanthula deta nthawi yeniyeni komanso kukonza zinthu zolosera. Makampani monga NXP Semiconductors amagwiritsa ntchito mapasa a digito omwe ali mumtambo kuti akonze ma algorithms, kukonza kulondola kwa kuwerengera kwa state-of-charge (SOC) ndi state-of-health (SOH) ndi 12%7. Kusinthaku kumawonjezera kasamalidwe ka magalimoto ndikuthandizira njira zosinthira zolipirira, kukulitsa nthawi ya batri.
d. Zatsopano Zotsika Mtengo Pakati pa Mitengo Yokwera Yotsatira Malamulo
Kukwaniritsa miyezo yatsopano kungawonjezere mtengo wa makina a batri ndi 15–20% chifukwa cha kukweza zinthu (monga ma electrolyte oletsa moto) ndi kukonzanso kapangidwe kake2. Komabe, zatsopano monga ukadaulo wa CATL wa CTP ndi machitidwe osavuta oyendetsera kutentha zimathandiza kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu68.
3. Zotsatira Zazikulu Zamakampani
Kusintha kwa Unyolo Wogulira: Makampani opitilira 30% ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati amatha kutuluka pamsika chifukwa cha zopinga zaukadaulo ndi zachuma, pomwe mgwirizano pakati pa opanga magalimoto ndi atsogoleri aukadaulo (monga CATL ndi BYD) udzakulirakulira12.
l Mgwirizano wa Makampani Osiyanasiyana: Kupita patsogolo kwa chitetezo m'mabatire a NEV kukufalikira mu makina osungira mphamvu (ESS), komwe kugwiritsa ntchito gridi pamlingo waukulu kumafuna kudalirika kofanana ndi "palibe moto, palibe kuphulika".
l Utsogoleri Wapadziko Lonse: Miyezo ya China yakonzeka kusintha miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndi makampani monga Xinmeixin akutumiza ukadaulo wa hydrogen sensor kumisika yapadziko lonse5.
Mapeto
Muyezo wa GB38031-2025 ukuyimira gawo losintha la gawo la NEV ku China, komwe chitetezo ndi zatsopano zimalumikizana. Kwa opanga mabatire, kupulumuka kumadalira pakudziwa bwino kayendetsedwe ka kutentha ndi sayansi yazinthu. Kwa opanga ma BMS, tsogolo lili m'machitidwe anzeru, olumikizidwa ndi mitambo omwe amapewa zoopsa m'malo mochitapo kanthu. Pamene makampani akusintha kuchoka pa "kukula kulikonse" kupita ku "chitetezo choyamba", makampani omwe amaika mfundo izi mu DNA yawo adzatsogolera nthawi yotsatira ya kuyenda kosatha.
Khalani tcheru kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza chitukuko cha malamulo ndi ukadaulo wamakono womwe umasintha tsogolo la magalimoto atsopano amphamvu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-22-2025
